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Old Sun Indian Residential School
Old Sun Indian Residential School, Gleichen, Alberta, 1945. General Synod Archives, Anglican Church of Canada, P75-103 S7-184. -
100 YEARS OF LOSS – The Residential School System in Canada
From the early 1830s to 1996, thousands of First Nation, Inuit, and Métis children, some as young as four years old, were forced to attend Residential Schools in an attempt to assimilate them into the dominant culture. The mental, physical, and spiritual abuses suffered by these children have had a deep impact, not only on the children themselves, but also on their families and communities. Why is this important to non-Aboriginal Canadians? Why should it matter to a Canadian who never attended a Residential School? It matters because it happened here, in our country, a land considered a world leader in democracy and human rights. It matters because the Residential School System is one of the major causes of poverty, homelessness, substance-abuse, and other forms of violence amongst Aboriginal Canadians. It matters because Aboriginal communities suffer levels of poverty, illness, and illiteracy which one would expect to find in a developing nation. It matters because we share this land. We may not be responsible for what happened in the past, but we are responsible for our actions today. This is why we must all understand what happened in Canada’s Residential Schools. We must see the legacy of the schools in our streets and communities every day. We must all commit ourselves to a process of reconciliation and healing. -
Some of the participants in the North West Rebellion
Some of the participants in the North West Rebellion were photographed by Oliver Buell during their trial in Regina in 1885. Included in the photograph are, beginning in the back row, from left to right, Constable Black, Louis Cochin, Inspector R.B. Deane, Alexis Andre, and Beverly Robertson, and in the front row, Horse Child, Chief Big Bear, Alexander Stewart, and Chief Poundmaker. Library and Archives Canada, C-001872. -
Letter from General Sir Fred Middleton to Big Bear, June 2, 1885
Letter from General Sir Fred Middleton to Big Bear, June 2, 1885. Library and Archives Canada, MG29-E23, R7740-0-7-E. -
Poundmaker
Poundmaker, also known as The Drummer, (ca. 1842-1886), a Cree chief, later adopted by Crowfoot of the Blackfoot Nation. O.B. Buell/Library and Archives Canada/C-001875 -
Chief Poundmaker with his fourth wife
Chief Poundmaker with his fourth wife, c. 1884. Library and Archives Canada, PA-066596. -
Thomas Moore – before
Thomas Moore, as he appeared when admitted to the Regina Indian Industrial School. Dominion of Canada Annual Report of the Department of Indian Affairs for the year ended 30th June 1896. Library and Archives Canada. -
Portrait of Louis Riel
William Notman, Portrait of Louis Riel, taken after he was elected to Parliament, 1873. Library and Archives Canada, C-002048. -
Thomas Moore – After
Thomas Moore, after tuition at the Regina Industrial School. Dominion of Canada Annual Report of the Department of Indian Affairs for the year ended 30th June 1896. Library and Archives Canada. -
“It’s Mine!”
"It's Mine!" CANADA: The Right Land for the Right Man: Canadian National Railways - The Right Way! Library and Archives Canada, 1991-230-1. -
Free farms for the million
Free farms for the million, c. 1893. Library and Archives Canada, 1996-63. -
Carcross Residential School
Carcross Residential School, Yukon. Glenbow Archives, NA-521-10. -
Portrait of Kahkewaquonaby (Reverend Peter Jones)
David Octavius Hill and Robert Adamson, Portrait of Kahkewaquonaby (Reverend Peter Jones), 4 August, 1845. Library and Archives Canada, PA-215156. -
Chief Shingwauk
Chief Shingwauk, The Shingwauk Project, Algoma University, Sault Ste. Marie, Ontario. -
View of Fort Qu’Appelle Indian Industrial School showing Aboriginal tipis outside the school fence
View of Fort Qu’Appelle Indian Industrial School showing Aboriginal tipis outside the school fence, Lebret, Saskatchewan, 1895, Library and Archives Canada, PA-182246. -
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Egerton Ryerson (1803-1882)
Egerton Ryerson (1803-1882). Photograph courtesy of the Ryerson University Library and Archives. -
A Carpentry Class at the Brandon Indian Industrial School
A Carpentry Class at the Brandon Indian Industrial School, Brandon, Manitoba, ca. 1910, United Church of Canada Archives, 93.049P/1368N. -
Graduating Class, Regina Industrial School
Graduating Class, Regina Industrial School, Regina, Saskatchewan, 1897. Glenbow Archives, NA-2459-2. -
After the treaty dance
Charles A. Keefer, After the treaty dance. Mission schooner GUY leaving; the children are bound for the convent at Fort Resolution, 1937. Library and Archives Canada, PA-073735. -
Hayter Reed
William James Topley, Hayter Reed, Deputy Superintendent General of Indian Affairs, and his stepson, Jack Lowery, dressed in Indian costumes for a historical ball on Parliament Hill, Ottawa, February, 1896. Library and Archives Canada, PA-139841. -
Dr. P. H. Bryce
In 1907 Chief Medical Officer for Indian Affairs, Dr. Peter Henderson Bryce was commissioned to write a report on the health of children attending Canada’s Residential Schools. The unfavorable report was suppressed by the government. In 1922, after he had retired from the civil service, Dr. Bryce, self-published the report’s recommendations in a volume entitled The Story of a National Crime. Cover page of "The Story of a National Crime" by Dr. P. H. Bryce -
Dr. Duncan Campbell Scott
Yousuf Karsh, Dr. Duncan Campbell Scott. Library and Archives Canada, PA-165842. -
Ikaluit school children, Frobisher Bay
Len Peterson, Ikaluit school children, Frobisher Bay [Iqaluit], 1958. Hudson’s Bay Company Archives, Archives of Manitoba. HBCA, 1987/363-E-210/68. -
Old Sun Indian Residential School
Old Sun Indian Residential School, Gleichen, Alberta, 1945. General Synod Archives, Anglican Church of Canada, P75-103 S7-184. -
Hair-cutting in residential schools
Still image from a video vignette on hair-cutting in residential schools, by Don Lowe, 2011. -
“Thou Shalt Not Tell Lies”
Bud Glunz, “Thou Shalt Not Tell Lies.” Cree students attending the Anglican-run Lac la Ronge Mission School in La Ronge, Saskatchewan, 1949. National Film Board of Canada, Library and Archives Canada, PA-134110. -
Baby George
Baby George was an orphan who was brought to the Carcross Indian Residential School by Bishop Bompas. Yukon Archives, Anglican Church, Diocese of Yukon fonds, 86/61, #590. -
Aboriginal students and staff assembled outside the Kamloops Indian Residential School
Aboriginal students and staff assembled outside the Kamloops Indian Residential School, Kamloops, British Columbia, 1934. Archives Deschâtelets. -
Inuit children who lived too far away and had to stay at school during the summer, Anglican Mission School, Aklavik
M. Meikle, Inuit children who lived too far away and had to stay at school during the summer, Anglican Mission School, Aklavik, N.W.T., 1941. Library and Archives Canada, PA-101771 -
Jennie Wright and her class of Métis students, 1950
Jennie Wright and her class of Métis students, 1950. Canadian Museum of Civilization, image 2002-2. -
Ben and Sam brought out by A.L.F.
Ben and Sam brought out by A.L.F. [Bp. Fleming] to Lakefield School for one year as a tryout. The experiment was not repeated. General Synod Archives, Anglican Church of Canada, P8495-101. -
Mohawk Institute, Brantford, Ontario
Mohawk Institute, Brantford, Ontario. Anglican Church of Canada, General Synod Archives. -
Sisters holding Aboriginal babies, ca. 1960
Sister Liliane (attr.), Sisters holding Aboriginal babies, ca. 1960. Library and Archives Canada / PA-195122. -
Shelley Niro, Time Travels Through Us
Shelley Niro, Time Travels Through Us, 1999. National Gallery of Canada, 2002.143. The trio of the artist’s mother and two daughters symbolize the power of intergenerational connections, and represent the social, cultural, and personal values that are transmitted from Elders to youth. -
Alex Janvier, Indian Residential School
Alex Janvier, Indian Residential School, 2007, private collection. -
Residential school Survivor, Nancy Scanie
Residential school Survivor, Nancy Scanie, from Cold Lake First Nation weeps as she watches Prime Minister Stephen Harper officially apologize on behalf of the government for abuses suffered by former residents of native residential schools. Between 400 and 500 people gathered at the Edmonton Marriott at the River Cree Resort to watch the live broadcast of Harper's apology on June 11, 2008. Bruce Edwards/Edmonton Journal -
The Alexie Family, Ulkatcho First Nation
The Alexie Family, Ulkatcho First Nation, Mud Bay, about 34 miles up the Bella Coola River, July 28, 1922, Canadian Museum of History, Harlan I. Smith, image 56918. -
Students at Pelican Residential School (Anglican) near Sioux Lookout
Students at Pelican Residential School (Anglican) near Sioux Lookout, 1955, John MacFie, Archives of Ontario C330-13-0-0-162.
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